PAPER 1 - Cell Biology Genetics and Plant Breeding
Unit- 1
Cel1 biology : Introduction to modem tools and techniques of cell biology
(light microscopy and electron microscopy),
Structure
and functions of different cell organelles of
eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
cell
wall,
plasma
membrane,
nucleus,
mitochondria,
chloroplast,
ribosome,
peroxisome,
lysosome,
golgibody
Study of chromosome,
nucleosome model. Model.
Type of chromosomes (sex chromosome, polytene, lampbrush),
chromosomal aberrations, deletion, duplication, inversion
translocation,
aneuploidy and polyuploidy.
Unit- 2
Techniques in
cell Biology
cell
signalling and
cell receptors.
DNA,
RNA structures
and their functions,
DNA
replication (Involved enzymes, Primer, okazaki fragments),
Basic
mechanism of transcription and
translation.
Extranuclear genome (mitochondrial,
plastid DNA),
plasmids,
Transposons.
Cell division
: cell cycles,
mitosis and
meiosis: function
of spindal apparatus, synaptonimal complex, chiasmata and
crossing over.
Unit- 3
Genetic
inheritance
Mendals low
of inheritance and their exceptions:
allelic
(Complete dominance, co-dominance, incomplete dominance),
nonalleleic
interactions (complementary genes, epistasis and duplicate genes),
linkage and
crossing over.
Elementary idea
of chromosome mapping.
Cytoplasmic
inheritance-shell coiling in snails,
kappa particles
in paramecium,
multiple allelism:
ABO blood groups in man.
UNIT IV
Plant
breeding: introduction, objectives and general methods (introduction, acclimatization,
selection, hybridization) of plant breeding.
Hybrid vigour and
inbreeding depression.
Mutation and
polyploidy in plant breeding.
National and
international agricultural research institutes.
Methods of Breeding
in self pollinated and cross pollinated crop plants,
Green
revolution.
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