PAPER IV – TAXONOMY AND DIVERSITY OF SEED PLANTS – GYMNOSPERM
UNIT I
Introduction: Gymnosperm the vessel less and fruitless seed plant varying in the structure of their sperm, pollen grains pollen germination and the complexity of their female gametophyte,
Evolution of Gymnosperms. Classification of Gymnosperms and their distribution in India.
Brief account of the families of Pteridosprmales (Lyginopteridacae, Medullosaceae, Caytoniaceae and Glossopteridaceae) General account of Cycadeoidales and Cordaitales.
Structure and reproduction in cycadales Ginkgoales Coniferales, Ephedrales, Welwitschiales and Gnetales
UNIT II
Taxonomy of Angiosperms
Aim components and principals of Taxonomy, Alpha and Omega Taxonomy documentation and scope
Systems of Angiosperm Classification: Cronquist, Dahlgern, Throne and APG II
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Principles, rule and recommendations Taxonomic concept Hierarchy Species genus family and other categories
UNIT III
Numerical Taxonomy- Principles concepts operational taxonomic units (OTU) data processing and taxonomic studies taximetric methods for study of population variation and similarity coding cluster analysis cladistics cladogram.
Taxonomic literature Floras, Monographs Icons, Library Manuals, Index Taxonomic Keys
Taxonomic tools and techniques Herbarium serological Molecular technique GIS and Mapping Biodiversity
UNIT IV
Taxonomic evidences Morphology, Anatomy, Palynology. Embryology, phytology, Phytochemistry and Genome analysis.
Phylogeny of Angiosperms Ancestors of Angiosperms time and place of origin of Angiosperms habit of Angiosperm primitive living Angiosperms inter relationship among the major group of Angiosperms.
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